Abstract: A verifiable random function (VRF) is a pseudorandom function that enables source verification. By providing a public verification key and accompanying proof with the output, all parties can ...

Harvard's free programming classes teach you how to think, debug, and adapt in an AI-driven world where knowing code matters more than ever.

Abstract: Blockchain systems enable new applications, such as cryptocurrencies and smart contracts, using decentralized consensus without trusted authorities. A number of blockchain systems based on ...

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Bridging communication gaps between hearing and hearing-impaired individuals is an important challenge in assistive ...

Once the project was ready, I fed the entire codebase into NotebookLM. I uploaded all the .py files as plain text files, ...

In many cases, the greatest British television shows are a cut above what we see on U.S. network TV. Here are 15 of the ...

A laser is usually constructed from two basic elements: a material that provides optical gain through stimulated emission and an optical cavity that partially traps the light. When the total gain in ...

theorem 1.3 $text{If } A = A_1 \cup A_2 \cup \cdots \cup A_m \text{ and } A_i \cap A_j = \emptyset \text { for all } i \neq j \text{ , then }$ Definition 1.1 Outcome ...

Organizations have been kicking the tire on AI for the past several years, but 2025 saw an explosion of AI-powered offerings ...

Eeny, meeny, miny, mo, catch a tiger by the toe – so the rhyme goes. But even children know that counting-out rhymes like this are no help at making a truly random choice. Perhaps you remember when ...

已经非常接近真实值了，如果继续微调，就可以无限接近真实值，虽然一般无法求得最优解，但现实中只是误差可以接受就可以了。通过现有的数据或资料，称为样本，通过尝试求解参数（局部最优解）的过程，就是机器学习的核心内容。误差值是用来控制每次调整参数的幅度。